A Brief Note On Pesticides And The Environmental...

1) Rationale and References: Neonicotinoids are important pesticides. They are used to kill a variety of pests. Many researches have been done with neonicotinoids. Researchers have found that neonicotinoids have toxic effects on many non-target species, one example being insects. This results in reduced growth, insects have problems reproducing and insect populations have also been declining as a result of this. Researchers have classified the effects of the insecticides based on US Environmental Protection Agency’s ecotoxicity classification system. Three insecticides: imidacloprid, clothianidin and fipronil all showed adverse effects on insects. There have been hundreds of scientific publications over the last 20 years that have talked about the adverse effects of neonicotinoids on pollinating insects. Also very low concentrations of neonics have an effect of insects. Reason why neonicotinoid pesticides is popular in controlling pests is because of its water solubility. Water solubility lets neonicotinoid to be applied in plants and then taken up by the plants. This, in turn helps kill insects in plants. The first neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, can just be sprayed on the plant. But it is more useful when it is applied to the soil instead. These insecticides help control beetles, fleas, cockroaches and other flies. However, there are many environmental concerns associated with the application of these insecticides. Research has shown that it is actually toxic to bees and

Language Acquisition And Learning Of Linguistics - 985 Words

On the contrary, teachers may leave University with extensive theoretical knowledge about linguistics but it can be sometimes seem far removed from the real concrete situations they face in the field; and just one practical case they have to deal with may give them more insight into a problem and its solutions than any amount of theoretical understanding. In this sense, it is noteworthy that much of linguistics today is corpus-based. Which means that the theories actually come from studying real world texts and are therefore founded in practical experience. A language teacher can build on linguistics research trough their own experience to improve their teaching ability. Within this context, a teacher gaining knowledge from practice will have real samples on how language is used by their students regarding language acquisition and learning; so they will be able to base their investigations on them. The more practice teachers have the wider learners corpora will be there for the dev elopment of this technique, allowing them to detect and recognise the most frequent uses and structures with a view to introduce them in the curriculum. (Gries, S, 2009) Regarding content and methodology of subjects, which are a very important part and require reflection and prior design, there are significant advantages University learning can bring. With prior academic learning teachers will doubtlessly have a much clearer idea of sequencing and segmenting the content- by using differentShow MoreRelatedInnateness of Children’s Language Acquisition1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental question in the study of linguistics and human development. From Bow-wow Theory to Yo-He-Ho Theory, major theories on the origins and learnability of language have emerged in mid-20th century and heavily debated ever since. Among them, the idea of universal grammar in which is usually credited to linguist Noam Chomsky, remains the most notable and controversial theory over time. He introduced and developed the theory from 1950s toRead MoreThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental qu estion in the study of1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental question in the study of linguistics and human development. From Bow-wow Theory to Yo-He-Ho Theory, the major theories on language origins and learnability emerged at mid-20th century and has been heavily debated ever since. Among them, the idea of universal grammar in which is usually credited to linguist Noam Chomsky, remains the most notable and controversial theory over time. 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At the end, a colleague of hers asked this question: â€Å"Why do you think that so little research has been done on bilinguals and multilinguals?† She smiled and shrugged her shoulders, saying, â€Å"Research relies on funding. Funding comes from governments, and the governments with the most money are empires. AmericaRead MoreCharacteristics Of A First And Second Language : Behaviorism, Innatism And Social Interactionist Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesof approaches have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of language acquisition. These models were influenced by variety of disciplines and research directions, such as cognitive psychology, linguistics, etc.; therefore, the models relate to linguistic development in various ways. 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This paper is going to throwRead MoreMy Fascination With Second Language Acquisition Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage carries the beauty and persona of our thought process and the study of Linguistics helps us develop insights, appreciate and analyze many aspects of this powerful medium of expression. My fascination with Second Language Acquisition (SLA) began with the course ‘Language Acquisition and Learning’ that I took while I was in the 4th year of my undergraduate program at the University of Dhaka. In that course, for the first time, I was introduced to various theories and hypotheses about how people

How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era Free Essays

Mr.Tan How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era In this essay I will explore and explain how the atmosphere of tension and suspense is built up in short stories in the Victorian period. I will show how various techniques build the overall effect. We will write a custom essay sample on How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will do this by comparing and contrasting three short stories, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and â€Å"The Red Room† by H. G. Wells. These stories are similar in many ways and all consist of mysterious irrational plots. The Victorians were concerned with the idea of rationality, science over religion, and this is reflected in these stories To begin with I will look at the characters in the stories. Characters can help reflect the atmosphere of a story, an example of this is the old people in â€Å"The Red Room†. They are very strange, say very little and are nameless. They represent the irrational. There are examples of irrational characters in the other stories. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the irrational character is called Dr. Roylott, a mysterious person who you know little of. After coming back from India he allows animals he has brought back with him roam freely around his house. This is particularly relevant to the Victorian era as India was part of the English empire and was seen as a wild, uncivilised place, to reflect Dr, Roylott’s character. The irrational character in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† is actually the narrator, who once again has no name. This character becomes insane and is obsessed with his guest’s â€Å"vulture eye†. In the end he murders his guest and places him under the floor boards. The character is haunted by the beat of his victim’s heart and he is forced to confess his crime. The way the text has been written also reflects the character as he repeats words and puts some in capital. In these stories there seems to always be a character that represents the rational and logical, in contrast to the irrational. An example of this is the narrator in â€Å"The Red Room†. He enters the mysterious house with a logical and scientific approach. He completely denies the possibilities of the super natural and heads to the haunted room completely calm expecting nothing out of the ordinary. However, he falls victim to the super natural spirits of the Red Room and fear overwhelms him. He is forced to believe that there is something unnatural in this room. This style of character is also portrayed in â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† as Inspector Holmes. He enters the crime scene with a rational approach. He uses logical methods to surveys his surroundings and solves the mystery. This would appeal to the Victorians attitude towards rationality Unlike â€Å"The Red Room† Sherlock Holmes solves the crime with rationality and does not fall victim to the irrational and super natural ideas, and logic triumphs. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† does not involve a main rational character, but the very presence of an officer causes the mad narrator to confess his crime. I will now look at the language the authors use. All three stories have a lot of dark adjectives that evoke an eerie atmosphere that really helps describe the mood of a scene. For instance in â€Å"The Red Room†, words like â€Å"pale† and â€Å"monstrous† are used. These really help create a sense of suspense by setting the scene. Colours are used frequently also. The use of varied sentence length is another technique used. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band†, the author uses long detailed sentences to really describe the situation well and set a good picture of the story. This reflects Sherlock Holmes’ character that looks at everything in detail. In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Red Room† the use of short sentences is used to build great tension and suspense. E.g. â€Å"I felt that I must scream or die! And now –again! –hark! Louder! Louder! Louder! Louder!† Another technique is the use of repetition. In â€Å"The Red Room†, the word â€Å"dark† is repeated a lot and so is the warning â€Å"This night of all nights†. This helps get the idea across by constantly hitting the reader with this information. This is also used in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† as a way of expressing the narrator’s madness. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the idea of murder is repeated. There is a wide use of similes and metaphors of darkness and fear in the stories. These can help describe the mood of the story. An example of this is in â€Å"like a ragged storm cloud sweeping out the stars† in â€Å"The Red Room†. Personification is also used as a good technique of description. â€Å"Little tongue of light† References to senses help describe the situation as well by giving a sensation that we can relate to like smell and touch. Now I will look at the setting. The setting of a story can help reflect the overall mood. A dark, old, gloomy house can create a feeling of dread and fear. Victorians were concerned with appearances and a derelict house was considered awful. In the description of a setting, pathetic fallacies can be used. A Pathetic fallacy is when the weather of a scene reflects the mood of man. For instance it says â€Å"the wind was howling outside and the rain was beating and splashing† in â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† , this creates a turbulent atmosphere that can suggest menace and murder. The structures of the stories are fairly similar also. They usually start with a description of characters and setting and an introduction to the plot to engage interest. The plot then unfolds and a dramatic event happens, the killing of the guest in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† or the events inside the haunted room in â€Å"The Red Room†. The plot unfolds or resolves and there is a period looking back. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the crime is solved and in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† the mad-man confesses his crime. I find that there are various techniques used to create tension and suspense in these stories. Characters help reflect the atmosphere and mood of a story or scene and we can see a situation more clearly based on how a character reacts. The language is very important as it is how we read the story. Techniques such as personification and repetition can effectively create suspense and tension. The setting can also help reflect the mood of the story. And there is also the contrast between irrationality and rationality that appears throughout the stories. All these techniques create a powerful overall effect that appeals to the reader. How to cite How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era, Papers

Describe the Business Ethics For History Of Zara- Lecture Notes

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics for History of Zara? Answer: History of Zara Zara is a retail flagship store of the Inditex group, and is reported to be the largest apparel retailer globally. Zara is a Spanish clothing company which was established in the year 1975. This is a company, which do not believe in creating high end advertising campaigns but make it a point to introduce and open new stores round the world. There are more than 2000 stores opened by Zara internationally with the idea of incorporating the best fashion trends every year. The company is expected to launch nearly 12,000 fresh designs on an average. Zara follows the unique strategy of creating fresh fashion in order to compete in the market. The company has gained the competitive advantage over the years successfully. However, in this regard it is important to note the fact that the company has been part of few unethical behaviors towards the worker. This has hampered the business of the company to a certain limit. The supply chain management of the company has been quite pivotal to deal w ith the issues of unethical behavior towards the workers effectively. This is one of the companies, which is into clothing and trendy fashion but have changed the dressing line along with accessories round the world (Zikmund et al. 2012). Unethical behavior of Zara Zara has been accused of showing unethical behavior towards the workers. In most of the cases, the company has dealt with subordinate workers with loads of accusations against the fulfillment of the commitments towards the workers by the company. In Argentina, the company has been alleged of keeping the workers in terrible condition (Bunge, 2012). The company has seized the official documents of the workers and they were not allowed to move freely without the permission of the company. The workers were not registered and Zara failed to meet the commitments they have made to the workers. Not only adults but also children who have been used as the workers who were immigrants to the company. They were forced to work for more than 13 hours a day. In the Buenos Aires factory, the workers worked not only in terrible condition but also in degrading state of labour. Zara relates to unethical way of production in Bangladesh at the same time. They make the workers work for long hours in wretch ed condition where the condition of the women is precarious. This is a major issue raised by reporters round the world regarding the pain that few people faces behind the high street fashion brand of Spain (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). Zara is also linked with unethical way of behaving with the workers of Sao Paulo factory. Most of the reports claimed of rescuing 15 employees from the company. 14 Bolivians and 1 Peruvian was found to work in the unethical condition being immigrants to the country. The unhygienic condition in which the worker had to work was wretched out of which 1 employee is of 14 years of age only. In Brazil, the minimum wage includes $344. On the contrary, the workers had to work for 12 hours a day with wage between the ranges of $156 to $290. Zara has been under the allegation of unauthorized outsourcing. The commitment to the workers was to have a better prospect in Brazil, which the company failed largely (Becker, 2012). The employees were forced to be slaves with further reduction in their wages for the aspect of travelling to Brazil and their cost of living. This turned the condition of the workers hellish as they starved and could not move without the consent of the authority. The company has taken few endeavors in accordance to the law along with the compensation to the affected. However, reports show the company to be part of unethical labour behavior repeatedly. Reflection of ethical standards of Zara Most of the companies have the idea of dealing with supply chain management effectively along with the implementation of five categories, which includes environment, animals, people, product and politics. The reflection of the ethical standards of a company like Zara has been proved hollow a number of times. The policies and the working standards of the company has been critical and against the expectation expected by different control organizations or workers round the world. Apart from this, the company has been a major failure in few of the products, which hurt the sensitivity of buyers round the world (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2014). The products hurt the sentiment of the buyers due to the message, which is proposed by the products. In the year, 2014 Zara launched a tee shirt for the children, which has an imitation if the dresses of the holocaust camp uniform. There were number of issues and controversies related to the unethical practice of hurting the sentiments of the buyers. This is largely based on the ideas, which might not be accepted by many of the customers globally. Apart from this, the company has been involved in creation of a necklace, which represents racism (Shrader-Frechette, 2012). Products like these have creating issues in the minds of the customers regarding the differentiation created by Zara. The company largely lacked the meeting the ethical standards and failed in the promises. The finish line of the company has been ineffective. The supply chain management of the company is effective but the company lacks the transparency expected from the audit (Audi, 2012). Apart from this, the company lacks the engagement of the stakeholders efficiently. The responsibility showered on the company like Zara is not carried out prominently as the company tries to hinder the auditing. The company has global presence and based on the same idea the company needs to cater to the needs of the workers internationally. However, the labor protection agencies found workers in critical condition, which states that the company failed largely in transparent auditing. The stakeholders of the company are at times not aware of the unethical means, which affects the long line production of the company. The reflection of the standard state the company does not have proper monitoring process. One the co ntrary it might said that the company do not have the initiation of proper surveillance knowingly (Hauk, 2012). Influence of leadership Many of the well-known companies have the workers who look up to their leaders in order to receive the best in the company. In other words, they try to emulate the leaders. Similar is the case of Zara as most of the employees feel the reputation of the company instead of finding and understanding the loopholes of the company. The leadership style of the company may be categorized under two aspects. The first one includes participative. In order to make the fashion and to set out e latest trends most of the employees of the organization work effectively. They participate in channeling the designs and the materials used for the garments and the accessories. However, in case of the workers who work in the factories to produce the product line face the major issue (De George, 2012). They do not get the support from the authorities at all. They cannot participate in the process and do not say in most of the issues which they face in their factory and workplace area. The workers are exploi ted to work for long hours and are more of less caged in the factories. The participation is much less and they have very little say in the entire process of production. The next type of leadership followed by the company includes transformational. In this case, the mangers or the team monitor the workers and integrate them to form a particular team. This helps in the enhancement of the process motivating the employees to carry out the work successfully. However, in case of the immigrant workers in the factory the situation is completely different. Most of the workers face the issue of working in wretched, unhygienic condition, which is not suitable as per the ethical standards. In such case, the motivation from the high-end officials and the transformational leadership is largely missing. In this regard, it is important to mention that most of the company in the higher levels has the monitoring and the inspiration to produce better along with proper standards (Guffey Loewy, 2012). On the contrary, in case of the immigrant workers the situation is opposite. They do not have the standard or the resource. They are forces to work under pressure with mo re or less the retention of slavery. The role of the leaders in this case is to extract the most from the workers and exploit their condition. The exploitation is based on the maximum extraction from the immigrants. Social responsibility response Zara has been one of the companies, which has to control and eradicate few aspects, which includes the following:- Forced labour Discrimination Child labour Hygiene and security Abuse or inhuman treatment Freedom of association and collective bargaining Payment of salary Regular work Environmental commitment Working hours Zara has been effective part of numerous strategies, which has been perfect for the benefit of the company. On the contrary, on the human rights ground the company has failed largely because of the discrimination, which the company showed towards the immigrants. It is the responsibility of CRS to build the right business model, which looks in to the benefit of the company along with the ecological sustainability (Rutherford et al. 2012). Zara is a company, which create their line of clothing based on three ideas basic, fast and seasonal. However, in case of making or copying new designs the company takes maximum of 15 days time. The company tries to incorporate high-end technology for the production process. This helps in the channeling of the entire line of clothing with the implementation of technology. However, beneath the use of technology the condition of the workers in the factories is at risk. In case of introducing the fast line of clothing, the company makes use of the workers to extract, and exploit them to the maximum. The other major strategy of Zara remains to make the clothing line now only high priced but also the ones, which is for daily wear (Hopkins, 2012). These lines of product make use of the workers and produce the items in lower cost. The bargain in such condition is not the company but the workers. To make the products low priced the company pay less to the workers and force them to work nearly 13 hours. Zara mostly do not take the initiative in case of resolving the ecological problem in most of the cases the company try to point the endeavour towards the governments and the prices set by the governments. Zara inclines to show their responsible behavior towards supply chain, in the following:- The DNA of Zaras offices: includes the employees in the respect of (legality, respect and diversity) The DNA of Zaras factories: includes the business partners and the suppliers (transparency, legality and traceability) The DNA of Zaras stores: includes the clients (quality, security and health) However, the above-mentioned points are just for discussion, as the company does not maintain their responsibility towards the workers of the factor. The transparency of the auditing is largely missing (Bardy, Drew Kennedy, 2012). Cultural, environmental and legal implication of Zara The cultural implication of the company is not effective as there are certain products like a t-shirt and a necklace, which have hurt the sentiments of many of the customers globally. There have been controversies regarding the same (Robison, Pritchard Ellin, 2012). They have used racism as a concept in the necklace. There were certain black faced with red lips in the necklace, which sowed the discrimination. On the same line, the company has made use of the concept of creating the t-shirt, which disrespects the feeling of the holocaust concentration camps. In the environmental aspect Zara has been part of the green label which make it evident to use the raw materials, which do not use any pesticides (Cialdini et al. 2012). Apart from this, the company entails the use of the design long with the inclusion of raw materials, to the manufacturing and final recycling. The legal implication of the company has been not right as based on the human rights and the aspect of slavery the compa ny has been trapped largely. The policy of the company to use forced labour has been taken into account by the labour agencies. This is the case, which has been faced by the company owing to the issue of the Brazil and the Argentinean factories. Impact on stakeholders The impact on the stakeholders entails the fact that most of the suppliers or organization like AHA, which is part of the manufacturing process in the factories, is facing the problem. In most of the cases, it is important to note the fact that being part of a company like Zara the external stakeholders and the suppliers feel privileged. In most of the cases, the company needs to channel the process (Acevedo, 2012). However, the external stakeholders feel the problem of being part of the company, which has many of the ethical problems. In case of the company, the perspective has been to extract the mot from the stakeholders that is the immigrant workers. These internal stakeholders have faced the issue of exploitation. The treatment of the company towards the internal stakeholders as slave has been one of the major issue reading the controversy of the company. In such cases, most of the immigrant workers globally are not interested in working with the largest retailers inclusive of Z ara. Hence, the impact on the stakeholders like the designers might be good for the company but for the external stakeholders like the suppliers the company is rigid in certain aspect of supply chain. Apart from this for the immigrant worker, the condition has been wretched (Ardichvili et al. 2012). Event outcome with consequences The outcome of the event is to deal with the effectiveness of the company and not to extract from the workers. The last controversy of Zara has been reported in the year 2014. Since then the company is trying to incorporate the ideas of sustainability with apt supply chain management. The outcome of the event however, could affect much of the productivity or craze of Zara. The company still has loyal customers round the world and followers who are religious part of Zara fashion and retail stores. The company is believed to have most of the aspects apart from the issue of the human rights (Voegtlin, Patzer Scherer, 2012). Moreover studies have shown that fast fashion make use of materials which area part of toxic materials causing harm to the human skin and can even cause cancer. In such case, the outcome of the company lies in the mentality of the customers. This has changed the buying decision of the customers. Zara has been claimed to use the toxic raw materials, which goes to an extent of 70%. Hence, in this regard the outcome of the company is changing with the awareness of the customers (Emery, 2012). Fairness in punishment There has been very little which has been done to the company with all the above-mentioned unethical means. The company has been given the warning of not using labour as slave but not much has been done in the present cases (Mel, 2012). The company still has a growing range of the customers but there have been 52 charges that have been brought by the Brazilian government against Inditex of which Zara remains an integral part. The government of Brazil took the step against AHA, as it is the company responsible for 90% of Zaras productivity in Brazil. The case against the company has been brought on the ground of physical violence and coercion on the workers. Apart from this Zara have been part of another criticism which have been brought against the unethical means of sourcing the angora wool. The animal welfare group against the Chinese suppliers of Zara has forwarded this case. PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is part of the initiative to stop the production proces s, which includes the need of angora wool (Bazerman, Gino, 2012). However, there has been no evidence of the farms detected by PETA but there have been 255,000 people, who have signed the petition against unethical treatment of animals. Recommendation Taking in consideration the human rights of workers- it is the responsibility of a company like Zara to take care of the employees and to give them the resources, which the company committed to the workers. This is a major issue as the labours are treated with utmost discrimination. They are forces to work for long hours for petty earnings. This must be looked by the company and they must stop the unethical treatment towards the workers. apart from this the company needs to make use of proper hygienic condition for work (Sacconi, 2012). Being one of the best retailers in the world, it is the responsibility of the company to stick to their commitments. This would reduce the controversies that Zara faced in the recent years along with the spread of positive word of mouth. The company also must meet the standard of fast fashion without the inclusion of the toxic materials for the production process. The company must fulfill the code of conduct for the external manufacturers effectively. The supervision of the company have been made better but not until the issue faced in the year 2014. Zara must look into the matter and abide by the rules, which are set for the external workers (Hilson, 2012). Understanding the cultural sentiments- In most of the cases the company needs to follow the sentiment of the customers globally. There are certain products, which have been against the perception and the cultural identification of the particular people globally. Zara faced the issue of creating and manufacturing products, which administers the idea of racism. On similar ground, it is essential that the company must not produce something to harm the sentiment of the customers. This would ensure the productivity of the company and would retain the customers of the international ground. The company has its global reputation based on which it should manufacture products which would be for international customers. This would enhance the brand image of the company along with returning customers (Schaltegger et al. 2012). Zara make use of certain materials, which are harmful for the ecology and the human skin. The materials contain certain chemicals, which are released in the environment when they are made in the factories. This can be harmful for the people of a particular area where the factories of the company are situated. Zara must follow the code of conduct along with the understanding of not creating any cultural difference for the inhabitants of an area or the customers. Reference list Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J., Griffin, M. (2012).Business research methods. Cengage Learning. Bunge, M. (2012).Treatise on Basic Philosophy: Ethics: The Good and The Right(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Carroll, A., Buchholtz, A. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Cengage Learning. Becker, G. K. (Ed.). (2012).Ethics in business and society: Chinese and western perspectives. Springer Science Business Media. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2014).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Cengage learning. Audi, R. (2012). Virtue ethics as a resource in business.Business Ethics Quarterly,22(02), 273-291. Hauk, A. M. (2012).Methodology of the Social Sciences, Ethics, and Economics in the Newer Historical School: From Max Weber and Rickert to Sombart and Rothacker. P. Koslowski (Ed.). Springer Science Business Media. De George, R. T. (2012). A history of business ethics.Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Rutherford, M. A., Parks, L., Cavazos, D. E., White, C. D. (2012). Business ethics as a required course: Investigating the factors impacting the decision to require ethics in the undergraduate business core curriculum.Academy of Management Learning Education,11(2), 174-186. Hopkins, M. (2012).Corporate social responsibility and international development: is business the solution?. Earthscan. Bardy, R., Drew, S., Kennedy, T. F. (2012). Foreign investment and ethics: How to contribute to social responsibility by doing business in less-developed countries.Journal of Business Ethics,106(3), 267-282. Cialdini, R. B., Petrova, P. K., Goldstein, N. J., Team, L. Y. (2012). The hidden costs of organizational dishonesty.Image. Acevedo, A. (2012). Personalist business ethics and humanistic management: Insights from Jacques Maritain.Journal of Business Ethics,105(2), 197-219. Ardichvili, A., Jondle, D., Kowske, B., Cornachione, E., Li, J., Thakadipuram, T. (2012). Ethical cultures in large business organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China.Journal of Business Ethics,105(4), 415-428. Voegtlin, C., Patzer, M., Scherer, A. G. (2012). Responsible leadership in global business: A new approach to leadership and its multi-level outcomes.Journal of Business Ethics,105(1), 1-16. Emery, B. (2012).Sustainable marketing. Pearson. Mel, D. (2012). The firm as a community of persons: A pillar of humanistic business ethos.Journal of Business Ethics,106(1), 89-101. Bazerman, M. H., Gino, F. (2012). Behavioral ethics: Toward a deeper understanding of moral judgment and dishonesty.Annual Review of Law and Social Science,8, 85-104. Sacconi, L. (2012).The social contract of the firm: economics, ethics and organisation. Springer Science Business Media. Hilson, G. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from dev Robison, W. L., Pritchard, M. S., Ellin, J. (2012).Profits and professions: Essays in business and professional ethics. Springer Science Business Media. Shrader-Frechette, K. (2012).Science policy, ethics, and economic methodology: some problems of technology assessment and environmental-impact analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E. G. (2012). Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), 95-119.