A Brief Note On Pesticides And The Environmental...

1) Rationale and References: Neonicotinoids are important pesticides. They are used to kill a variety of pests. Many researches have been done with neonicotinoids. Researchers have found that neonicotinoids have toxic effects on many non-target species, one example being insects. This results in reduced growth, insects have problems reproducing and insect populations have also been declining as a result of this. Researchers have classified the effects of the insecticides based on US Environmental Protection Agency’s ecotoxicity classification system. Three insecticides: imidacloprid, clothianidin and fipronil all showed adverse effects on insects. There have been hundreds of scientific publications over the last 20 years that have talked about the adverse effects of neonicotinoids on pollinating insects. Also very low concentrations of neonics have an effect of insects. Reason why neonicotinoid pesticides is popular in controlling pests is because of its water solubility. Water solubility lets neonicotinoid to be applied in plants and then taken up by the plants. This, in turn helps kill insects in plants. The first neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, can just be sprayed on the plant. But it is more useful when it is applied to the soil instead. These insecticides help control beetles, fleas, cockroaches and other flies. However, there are many environmental concerns associated with the application of these insecticides. Research has shown that it is actually toxic to bees and

Language Acquisition And Learning Of Linguistics - 985 Words

On the contrary, teachers may leave University with extensive theoretical knowledge about linguistics but it can be sometimes seem far removed from the real concrete situations they face in the field; and just one practical case they have to deal with may give them more insight into a problem and its solutions than any amount of theoretical understanding. In this sense, it is noteworthy that much of linguistics today is corpus-based. Which means that the theories actually come from studying real world texts and are therefore founded in practical experience. A language teacher can build on linguistics research trough their own experience to improve their teaching ability. Within this context, a teacher gaining knowledge from practice will have real samples on how language is used by their students regarding language acquisition and learning; so they will be able to base their investigations on them. The more practice teachers have the wider learners corpora will be there for the dev elopment of this technique, allowing them to detect and recognise the most frequent uses and structures with a view to introduce them in the curriculum. (Gries, S, 2009) Regarding content and methodology of subjects, which are a very important part and require reflection and prior design, there are significant advantages University learning can bring. With prior academic learning teachers will doubtlessly have a much clearer idea of sequencing and segmenting the content- by using differentShow MoreRelatedInnateness of Children’s Language Acquisition1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe subtlety of language acquisition has been the most fundamental question in the study of linguistics and human development. From Bow-wow Theory to Yo-He-Ho Theory, major theories on the origins and learnability of language have emerged in mid-20th century and heavily debated ever since. 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How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era Free Essays

Mr.Tan How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era In this essay I will explore and explain how the atmosphere of tension and suspense is built up in short stories in the Victorian period. I will show how various techniques build the overall effect. We will write a custom essay sample on How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will do this by comparing and contrasting three short stories, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and â€Å"The Red Room† by H. G. Wells. These stories are similar in many ways and all consist of mysterious irrational plots. The Victorians were concerned with the idea of rationality, science over religion, and this is reflected in these stories To begin with I will look at the characters in the stories. Characters can help reflect the atmosphere of a story, an example of this is the old people in â€Å"The Red Room†. They are very strange, say very little and are nameless. They represent the irrational. There are examples of irrational characters in the other stories. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the irrational character is called Dr. Roylott, a mysterious person who you know little of. After coming back from India he allows animals he has brought back with him roam freely around his house. This is particularly relevant to the Victorian era as India was part of the English empire and was seen as a wild, uncivilised place, to reflect Dr, Roylott’s character. The irrational character in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† is actually the narrator, who once again has no name. This character becomes insane and is obsessed with his guest’s â€Å"vulture eye†. In the end he murders his guest and places him under the floor boards. The character is haunted by the beat of his victim’s heart and he is forced to confess his crime. The way the text has been written also reflects the character as he repeats words and puts some in capital. In these stories there seems to always be a character that represents the rational and logical, in contrast to the irrational. An example of this is the narrator in â€Å"The Red Room†. He enters the mysterious house with a logical and scientific approach. He completely denies the possibilities of the super natural and heads to the haunted room completely calm expecting nothing out of the ordinary. However, he falls victim to the super natural spirits of the Red Room and fear overwhelms him. He is forced to believe that there is something unnatural in this room. This style of character is also portrayed in â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† as Inspector Holmes. He enters the crime scene with a rational approach. He uses logical methods to surveys his surroundings and solves the mystery. This would appeal to the Victorians attitude towards rationality Unlike â€Å"The Red Room† Sherlock Holmes solves the crime with rationality and does not fall victim to the irrational and super natural ideas, and logic triumphs. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† does not involve a main rational character, but the very presence of an officer causes the mad narrator to confess his crime. I will now look at the language the authors use. All three stories have a lot of dark adjectives that evoke an eerie atmosphere that really helps describe the mood of a scene. For instance in â€Å"The Red Room†, words like â€Å"pale† and â€Å"monstrous† are used. These really help create a sense of suspense by setting the scene. Colours are used frequently also. The use of varied sentence length is another technique used. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band†, the author uses long detailed sentences to really describe the situation well and set a good picture of the story. This reflects Sherlock Holmes’ character that looks at everything in detail. In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Red Room† the use of short sentences is used to build great tension and suspense. E.g. â€Å"I felt that I must scream or die! And now –again! –hark! Louder! Louder! Louder! Louder!† Another technique is the use of repetition. In â€Å"The Red Room†, the word â€Å"dark† is repeated a lot and so is the warning â€Å"This night of all nights†. This helps get the idea across by constantly hitting the reader with this information. This is also used in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† as a way of expressing the narrator’s madness. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the idea of murder is repeated. There is a wide use of similes and metaphors of darkness and fear in the stories. These can help describe the mood of the story. An example of this is in â€Å"like a ragged storm cloud sweeping out the stars† in â€Å"The Red Room†. Personification is also used as a good technique of description. â€Å"Little tongue of light† References to senses help describe the situation as well by giving a sensation that we can relate to like smell and touch. Now I will look at the setting. The setting of a story can help reflect the overall mood. A dark, old, gloomy house can create a feeling of dread and fear. Victorians were concerned with appearances and a derelict house was considered awful. In the description of a setting, pathetic fallacies can be used. A Pathetic fallacy is when the weather of a scene reflects the mood of man. For instance it says â€Å"the wind was howling outside and the rain was beating and splashing† in â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† , this creates a turbulent atmosphere that can suggest menace and murder. The structures of the stories are fairly similar also. They usually start with a description of characters and setting and an introduction to the plot to engage interest. The plot then unfolds and a dramatic event happens, the killing of the guest in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† or the events inside the haunted room in â€Å"The Red Room†. The plot unfolds or resolves and there is a period looking back. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the crime is solved and in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† the mad-man confesses his crime. I find that there are various techniques used to create tension and suspense in these stories. Characters help reflect the atmosphere and mood of a story or scene and we can see a situation more clearly based on how a character reacts. The language is very important as it is how we read the story. Techniques such as personification and repetition can effectively create suspense and tension. The setting can also help reflect the mood of the story. And there is also the contrast between irrationality and rationality that appears throughout the stories. All these techniques create a powerful overall effect that appeals to the reader. How to cite How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era, Papers

Describe the Business Ethics For History Of Zara- Lecture Notes

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics for History of Zara? Answer: History of Zara Zara is a retail flagship store of the Inditex group, and is reported to be the largest apparel retailer globally. Zara is a Spanish clothing company which was established in the year 1975. This is a company, which do not believe in creating high end advertising campaigns but make it a point to introduce and open new stores round the world. There are more than 2000 stores opened by Zara internationally with the idea of incorporating the best fashion trends every year. The company is expected to launch nearly 12,000 fresh designs on an average. Zara follows the unique strategy of creating fresh fashion in order to compete in the market. The company has gained the competitive advantage over the years successfully. However, in this regard it is important to note the fact that the company has been part of few unethical behaviors towards the worker. This has hampered the business of the company to a certain limit. The supply chain management of the company has been quite pivotal to deal w ith the issues of unethical behavior towards the workers effectively. This is one of the companies, which is into clothing and trendy fashion but have changed the dressing line along with accessories round the world (Zikmund et al. 2012). Unethical behavior of Zara Zara has been accused of showing unethical behavior towards the workers. In most of the cases, the company has dealt with subordinate workers with loads of accusations against the fulfillment of the commitments towards the workers by the company. In Argentina, the company has been alleged of keeping the workers in terrible condition (Bunge, 2012). The company has seized the official documents of the workers and they were not allowed to move freely without the permission of the company. The workers were not registered and Zara failed to meet the commitments they have made to the workers. Not only adults but also children who have been used as the workers who were immigrants to the company. They were forced to work for more than 13 hours a day. In the Buenos Aires factory, the workers worked not only in terrible condition but also in degrading state of labour. Zara relates to unethical way of production in Bangladesh at the same time. They make the workers work for long hours in wretch ed condition where the condition of the women is precarious. This is a major issue raised by reporters round the world regarding the pain that few people faces behind the high street fashion brand of Spain (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). Zara is also linked with unethical way of behaving with the workers of Sao Paulo factory. Most of the reports claimed of rescuing 15 employees from the company. 14 Bolivians and 1 Peruvian was found to work in the unethical condition being immigrants to the country. The unhygienic condition in which the worker had to work was wretched out of which 1 employee is of 14 years of age only. In Brazil, the minimum wage includes $344. On the contrary, the workers had to work for 12 hours a day with wage between the ranges of $156 to $290. Zara has been under the allegation of unauthorized outsourcing. The commitment to the workers was to have a better prospect in Brazil, which the company failed largely (Becker, 2012). The employees were forced to be slaves with further reduction in their wages for the aspect of travelling to Brazil and their cost of living. This turned the condition of the workers hellish as they starved and could not move without the consent of the authority. The company has taken few endeavors in accordance to the law along with the compensation to the affected. However, reports show the company to be part of unethical labour behavior repeatedly. Reflection of ethical standards of Zara Most of the companies have the idea of dealing with supply chain management effectively along with the implementation of five categories, which includes environment, animals, people, product and politics. The reflection of the ethical standards of a company like Zara has been proved hollow a number of times. The policies and the working standards of the company has been critical and against the expectation expected by different control organizations or workers round the world. Apart from this, the company has been a major failure in few of the products, which hurt the sensitivity of buyers round the world (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2014). The products hurt the sentiment of the buyers due to the message, which is proposed by the products. In the year, 2014 Zara launched a tee shirt for the children, which has an imitation if the dresses of the holocaust camp uniform. There were number of issues and controversies related to the unethical practice of hurting the sentiments of the buyers. This is largely based on the ideas, which might not be accepted by many of the customers globally. Apart from this, the company has been involved in creation of a necklace, which represents racism (Shrader-Frechette, 2012). Products like these have creating issues in the minds of the customers regarding the differentiation created by Zara. The company largely lacked the meeting the ethical standards and failed in the promises. The finish line of the company has been ineffective. The supply chain management of the company is effective but the company lacks the transparency expected from the audit (Audi, 2012). Apart from this, the company lacks the engagement of the stakeholders efficiently. The responsibility showered on the company like Zara is not carried out prominently as the company tries to hinder the auditing. The company has global presence and based on the same idea the company needs to cater to the needs of the workers internationally. However, the labor protection agencies found workers in critical condition, which states that the company failed largely in transparent auditing. The stakeholders of the company are at times not aware of the unethical means, which affects the long line production of the company. The reflection of the standard state the company does not have proper monitoring process. One the co ntrary it might said that the company do not have the initiation of proper surveillance knowingly (Hauk, 2012). Influence of leadership Many of the well-known companies have the workers who look up to their leaders in order to receive the best in the company. In other words, they try to emulate the leaders. Similar is the case of Zara as most of the employees feel the reputation of the company instead of finding and understanding the loopholes of the company. The leadership style of the company may be categorized under two aspects. The first one includes participative. In order to make the fashion and to set out e latest trends most of the employees of the organization work effectively. They participate in channeling the designs and the materials used for the garments and the accessories. However, in case of the workers who work in the factories to produce the product line face the major issue (De George, 2012). They do not get the support from the authorities at all. They cannot participate in the process and do not say in most of the issues which they face in their factory and workplace area. The workers are exploi ted to work for long hours and are more of less caged in the factories. The participation is much less and they have very little say in the entire process of production. The next type of leadership followed by the company includes transformational. In this case, the mangers or the team monitor the workers and integrate them to form a particular team. This helps in the enhancement of the process motivating the employees to carry out the work successfully. However, in case of the immigrant workers in the factory the situation is completely different. Most of the workers face the issue of working in wretched, unhygienic condition, which is not suitable as per the ethical standards. In such case, the motivation from the high-end officials and the transformational leadership is largely missing. In this regard, it is important to mention that most of the company in the higher levels has the monitoring and the inspiration to produce better along with proper standards (Guffey Loewy, 2012). On the contrary, in case of the immigrant workers the situation is opposite. They do not have the standard or the resource. They are forces to work under pressure with mo re or less the retention of slavery. The role of the leaders in this case is to extract the most from the workers and exploit their condition. The exploitation is based on the maximum extraction from the immigrants. Social responsibility response Zara has been one of the companies, which has to control and eradicate few aspects, which includes the following:- Forced labour Discrimination Child labour Hygiene and security Abuse or inhuman treatment Freedom of association and collective bargaining Payment of salary Regular work Environmental commitment Working hours Zara has been effective part of numerous strategies, which has been perfect for the benefit of the company. On the contrary, on the human rights ground the company has failed largely because of the discrimination, which the company showed towards the immigrants. It is the responsibility of CRS to build the right business model, which looks in to the benefit of the company along with the ecological sustainability (Rutherford et al. 2012). Zara is a company, which create their line of clothing based on three ideas basic, fast and seasonal. However, in case of making or copying new designs the company takes maximum of 15 days time. The company tries to incorporate high-end technology for the production process. This helps in the channeling of the entire line of clothing with the implementation of technology. However, beneath the use of technology the condition of the workers in the factories is at risk. In case of introducing the fast line of clothing, the company makes use of the workers to extract, and exploit them to the maximum. The other major strategy of Zara remains to make the clothing line now only high priced but also the ones, which is for daily wear (Hopkins, 2012). These lines of product make use of the workers and produce the items in lower cost. The bargain in such condition is not the company but the workers. To make the products low priced the company pay less to the workers and force them to work nearly 13 hours. Zara mostly do not take the initiative in case of resolving the ecological problem in most of the cases the company try to point the endeavour towards the governments and the prices set by the governments. Zara inclines to show their responsible behavior towards supply chain, in the following:- The DNA of Zaras offices: includes the employees in the respect of (legality, respect and diversity) The DNA of Zaras factories: includes the business partners and the suppliers (transparency, legality and traceability) The DNA of Zaras stores: includes the clients (quality, security and health) However, the above-mentioned points are just for discussion, as the company does not maintain their responsibility towards the workers of the factor. The transparency of the auditing is largely missing (Bardy, Drew Kennedy, 2012). Cultural, environmental and legal implication of Zara The cultural implication of the company is not effective as there are certain products like a t-shirt and a necklace, which have hurt the sentiments of many of the customers globally. There have been controversies regarding the same (Robison, Pritchard Ellin, 2012). They have used racism as a concept in the necklace. There were certain black faced with red lips in the necklace, which sowed the discrimination. On the same line, the company has made use of the concept of creating the t-shirt, which disrespects the feeling of the holocaust concentration camps. In the environmental aspect Zara has been part of the green label which make it evident to use the raw materials, which do not use any pesticides (Cialdini et al. 2012). Apart from this, the company entails the use of the design long with the inclusion of raw materials, to the manufacturing and final recycling. The legal implication of the company has been not right as based on the human rights and the aspect of slavery the compa ny has been trapped largely. The policy of the company to use forced labour has been taken into account by the labour agencies. This is the case, which has been faced by the company owing to the issue of the Brazil and the Argentinean factories. Impact on stakeholders The impact on the stakeholders entails the fact that most of the suppliers or organization like AHA, which is part of the manufacturing process in the factories, is facing the problem. In most of the cases, it is important to note the fact that being part of a company like Zara the external stakeholders and the suppliers feel privileged. In most of the cases, the company needs to channel the process (Acevedo, 2012). However, the external stakeholders feel the problem of being part of the company, which has many of the ethical problems. In case of the company, the perspective has been to extract the mot from the stakeholders that is the immigrant workers. These internal stakeholders have faced the issue of exploitation. The treatment of the company towards the internal stakeholders as slave has been one of the major issue reading the controversy of the company. In such cases, most of the immigrant workers globally are not interested in working with the largest retailers inclusive of Z ara. Hence, the impact on the stakeholders like the designers might be good for the company but for the external stakeholders like the suppliers the company is rigid in certain aspect of supply chain. Apart from this for the immigrant worker, the condition has been wretched (Ardichvili et al. 2012). Event outcome with consequences The outcome of the event is to deal with the effectiveness of the company and not to extract from the workers. The last controversy of Zara has been reported in the year 2014. Since then the company is trying to incorporate the ideas of sustainability with apt supply chain management. The outcome of the event however, could affect much of the productivity or craze of Zara. The company still has loyal customers round the world and followers who are religious part of Zara fashion and retail stores. The company is believed to have most of the aspects apart from the issue of the human rights (Voegtlin, Patzer Scherer, 2012). Moreover studies have shown that fast fashion make use of materials which area part of toxic materials causing harm to the human skin and can even cause cancer. In such case, the outcome of the company lies in the mentality of the customers. This has changed the buying decision of the customers. Zara has been claimed to use the toxic raw materials, which goes to an extent of 70%. Hence, in this regard the outcome of the company is changing with the awareness of the customers (Emery, 2012). Fairness in punishment There has been very little which has been done to the company with all the above-mentioned unethical means. The company has been given the warning of not using labour as slave but not much has been done in the present cases (Mel, 2012). The company still has a growing range of the customers but there have been 52 charges that have been brought by the Brazilian government against Inditex of which Zara remains an integral part. The government of Brazil took the step against AHA, as it is the company responsible for 90% of Zaras productivity in Brazil. The case against the company has been brought on the ground of physical violence and coercion on the workers. Apart from this Zara have been part of another criticism which have been brought against the unethical means of sourcing the angora wool. The animal welfare group against the Chinese suppliers of Zara has forwarded this case. PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is part of the initiative to stop the production proces s, which includes the need of angora wool (Bazerman, Gino, 2012). However, there has been no evidence of the farms detected by PETA but there have been 255,000 people, who have signed the petition against unethical treatment of animals. Recommendation Taking in consideration the human rights of workers- it is the responsibility of a company like Zara to take care of the employees and to give them the resources, which the company committed to the workers. This is a major issue as the labours are treated with utmost discrimination. They are forces to work for long hours for petty earnings. This must be looked by the company and they must stop the unethical treatment towards the workers. apart from this the company needs to make use of proper hygienic condition for work (Sacconi, 2012). Being one of the best retailers in the world, it is the responsibility of the company to stick to their commitments. This would reduce the controversies that Zara faced in the recent years along with the spread of positive word of mouth. The company also must meet the standard of fast fashion without the inclusion of the toxic materials for the production process. The company must fulfill the code of conduct for the external manufacturers effectively. The supervision of the company have been made better but not until the issue faced in the year 2014. Zara must look into the matter and abide by the rules, which are set for the external workers (Hilson, 2012). Understanding the cultural sentiments- In most of the cases the company needs to follow the sentiment of the customers globally. There are certain products, which have been against the perception and the cultural identification of the particular people globally. Zara faced the issue of creating and manufacturing products, which administers the idea of racism. On similar ground, it is essential that the company must not produce something to harm the sentiment of the customers. This would ensure the productivity of the company and would retain the customers of the international ground. The company has its global reputation based on which it should manufacture products which would be for international customers. This would enhance the brand image of the company along with returning customers (Schaltegger et al. 2012). Zara make use of certain materials, which are harmful for the ecology and the human skin. The materials contain certain chemicals, which are released in the environment when they are made in the factories. This can be harmful for the people of a particular area where the factories of the company are situated. Zara must follow the code of conduct along with the understanding of not creating any cultural difference for the inhabitants of an area or the customers. Reference list Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J., Griffin, M. (2012).Business research methods. Cengage Learning. Bunge, M. (2012).Treatise on Basic Philosophy: Ethics: The Good and The Right(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Carroll, A., Buchholtz, A. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Cengage Learning. Becker, G. K. (Ed.). (2012).Ethics in business and society: Chinese and western perspectives. Springer Science Business Media. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2014).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Cengage learning. Audi, R. (2012). Virtue ethics as a resource in business.Business Ethics Quarterly,22(02), 273-291. Hauk, A. M. (2012).Methodology of the Social Sciences, Ethics, and Economics in the Newer Historical School: From Max Weber and Rickert to Sombart and Rothacker. P. Koslowski (Ed.). Springer Science Business Media. De George, R. T. (2012). A history of business ethics.Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Rutherford, M. A., Parks, L., Cavazos, D. E., White, C. D. (2012). Business ethics as a required course: Investigating the factors impacting the decision to require ethics in the undergraduate business core curriculum.Academy of Management Learning Education,11(2), 174-186. Hopkins, M. (2012).Corporate social responsibility and international development: is business the solution?. Earthscan. Bardy, R., Drew, S., Kennedy, T. F. (2012). Foreign investment and ethics: How to contribute to social responsibility by doing business in less-developed countries.Journal of Business Ethics,106(3), 267-282. Cialdini, R. B., Petrova, P. K., Goldstein, N. J., Team, L. Y. (2012). The hidden costs of organizational dishonesty.Image. Acevedo, A. (2012). Personalist business ethics and humanistic management: Insights from Jacques Maritain.Journal of Business Ethics,105(2), 197-219. Ardichvili, A., Jondle, D., Kowske, B., Cornachione, E., Li, J., Thakadipuram, T. (2012). Ethical cultures in large business organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China.Journal of Business Ethics,105(4), 415-428. Voegtlin, C., Patzer, M., Scherer, A. G. (2012). Responsible leadership in global business: A new approach to leadership and its multi-level outcomes.Journal of Business Ethics,105(1), 1-16. Emery, B. (2012).Sustainable marketing. Pearson. Mel, D. (2012). The firm as a community of persons: A pillar of humanistic business ethos.Journal of Business Ethics,106(1), 89-101. Bazerman, M. H., Gino, F. (2012). Behavioral ethics: Toward a deeper understanding of moral judgment and dishonesty.Annual Review of Law and Social Science,8, 85-104. Sacconi, L. (2012).The social contract of the firm: economics, ethics and organisation. Springer Science Business Media. Hilson, G. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from dev Robison, W. L., Pritchard, M. S., Ellin, J. (2012).Profits and professions: Essays in business and professional ethics. Springer Science Business Media. Shrader-Frechette, K. (2012).Science policy, ethics, and economic methodology: some problems of technology assessment and environmental-impact analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E. G. (2012). Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), 95-119.

Elementary School Safety

Descartes vs Freud Essays

Descartes vs Freud Essays Descartes vs Freud Paper Descartes vs Freud Paper There are many concepts that do not still have certain meanings. One of them is the term consciousness, and since the early times of philosophy, there isnt an exact explanation of consciousness. As a simple explanation, consciousness means hat the condition of being awake and able to understand what is happening. However, Descartes and Freud have different perceptions for consciousness. This paper will argue that, according to Freuds concerning the relation of unconsciousness and conscious process in order to show why it cannot be accepted by Descartes opinion of consciousness. The way of Descartes is to try to understand things from the point of view of skepticism. Descartes tries to reach to the first principle by doubting everything. According to Descartes this doubting way of reaching to the first principle has to be our method. This method provides us to form a basic truth that the other truths are based on it. Why Descartes did choose this way? It is because that, he believed that our sense perception and imagination can deceive us. He gives the example of dreams. People cannot be sure about whether they are awake or they are sleeping. On the other words, maybe the real life that we live can be an imagination, or that moment, we think that is real, can be a dream. However, Descartes reach to this basic truth, by reaching to idea of the existence. Descartes starts to ask questions on knowledge. He asks, What do you know? and his answer is with certainty nothing. If the answer is nothing, we know what we lack of, and by the method that we mentioned, we can reach indubitable truth. According to Descartes, there is a mind and body distinction. This distinction means that, thinking is something different from physical properties. According to Descartes people can separate their thoughts from their bodies, which means that we cannot deny that we are aware of ourselves. Our thoughts have two aspects. One of them is something, the other is self-awareness. We can explain this by an example; if we are holding a bottle (something) in our hand, we know that it is a bottle; we can think of that this is a bottle (self-awareness). We can doubt about what something is, because as it is mentioned, it may a dream, not reality. However, the second one, self-awareness, thinking of the bottle cannot be doubt, because whether a person is dreaming or awake, that person can say I think something. At this point concept of self-consciousness emerges. Then by the method, Descartes asks the question of what is I. We cannot doubt without existing, we cannot be deceived about this. Then Descartes reaches to the point of first principle, which is called cogito. By our method, we know that everything is based on cogito, the first principle. The other question that Descartes asks is are we certain of ourselves as physical beings? we become conscious while are using our minds. Descartes says your thought is not caused by perception; you have the capacity to separate your thoughts from external objects. Thoughts are independent. According to Descartes when we think, we are more aware of thinking beings. Descartes explains that with the wax example; wax has a certain color, smell, weight and shape. If we change its properties, we continue to call it as a wax. This is because of the things that we are certain, are all changeable, therefore we can separate them from the wax. At that point extension emerges. All things have extensions; they have to extend in space. We can understand this by our minds, because extension cannot be perceived. As a conclusion consciousness is cogito, we know thing in the basis of this. If we try to understand consciousness from the point of view of Freud, we see some differences between Descartes perception of consciousness. Freud thinks that Descartes perception is limited, but not complete. According to Freud, we cannot only rely on empirical results, based on consciousness. It can be a form of resistance, to control our life. In our life we may lie mostly without knowing, because of our experiences and some other external forces. The problem is psychoanalysis can be relying on consciousness as a security. The important thing is to distinguish thoughts and feelings. Relying on Freud, it is like an iceberg; it can be seen a part of the iceberg, which is at the top, and there is the other big part under the see, that cannot be seen. Thee seen part is our consciousness, while the hidden part is our unconsciousness. Therefore, first we have to distinguish what is consciousness and unconsciousness. The big difference between Descartes and Freud is this unconsciousness. While Descartes ignores the unconsciousness, Freud gives importance to it. To make this clearer, we have to understand psychoanalysis and unconsciousness. Psychoanalysis is a scientific study of psyche. Structure of psyche contains id, ego and superego. Id is inherited with birth, its peoples instinct. Ego is the external world and superego is consisted of norms and values. There are two instincts; life instincts (Eros), death instinct (Destructive). these are the ways of explaining unconsciousness according to Freud. From the point of view of Freud, our main causes of our behaviors are because of psyche and our instincts that are hidden in our unconsciousness. The point that Descartes ad Freuds thoughts are challenging is; according to Descartes, people as thinking beings, we are certain about our consciousness, consciousness is based on our knowledge. However Freud thinks this explanation is not wrong but not sufficient enough, because unconsciousness causes interruptions in our consciousness, which means that, w cannot understand the unconsciousness from what we know consciousness, with consciousness, we cannot use its rules to understand unconsciousness. We cannot rely on consciousness, it may be wrong as the unconsciousness. As a conclusions, both philosophers tried to explain consciousness and unconsciousness with their ideas; while Descartes mentions that consciousness gives us a certainty, Freud thinks consciousness can give us a certainty, but doesnt give us self-knowledge truth.

Socrates and Euthyphro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Socrates and Euthyphro - Essay Example When asked by Socrates what holiness is, Euthyphro answers, â€Å"†¦ the holy is what I am doing now, persecuting murder and temple theft and everything of the sort, whether father or mother or anyone else is guilty of it† (pg.4, 8). The main mistake in this definition of holiness is that it the definition is shallow and does not include all what is referred to as holiness; this is because there are many holy deeds that do not involve persecuting religious offenders. Socrates recognized this mistake and challenged Euthyphro to give a better and a broader definition of holiness. Secondly, having realized the logical inconsistency of his first definition of holiness, Euthyphro attempted his second definition of holiness and he defined holiness as what is approved by the gods; Euthyphro says â€Å"Then what is dear to the gods is holy, and what is not dear to them is unholy† (pg.6, 5). The main weakness in this argument is that it assumes that gods agree on all things and that they do not disagree on anything. Socrates noticed this logical mistake and asked Euthyphro on whether or not gods do not disagree at all. Euthphro agreed that gods disagree and actually even quarrel amongst themselves. Socrates, therefore, challenged Euthyphro to come up with a better definition of holiness. In an attempt to give a better definition of holiness, Euthyphro defined holiness as what is loved by all the gods, Euthphro defines holiness thus, â€Å"†¦the holy is what all the gods love, and that the opposite, what all the gods hate is unholy† (pg.10. 3). The main logical mistake in this argument is that it does not explain the true nature of holiness, i.e. the definition does not explain what makes something holy. Socrates noticed this inconsistency and challenged Euthyphro to explain to him whether something is holy because it is approved by the gods, or it is because something is holy

Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2) [2004] 1 AC 816 Essay

Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2) [2004] 1 AC 816 - Essay Example 8). Cane (2011, p. 15) explains that as a legal maxim, the rule of law implies that decisions made by the government should be based on the existing legal principles; it insists that law should govern the society. The proponents of the rule of law argue that it is the foundation of society’s order and freedom since it treats all citizens as equals and therefore none is above the law, not even the rulers. In broader terms, the rule of law implies that the state should subject its citizenry to the laws that were publicly promulgated, no one within a given state should be above the law, and legislative function and the adjudicative functions of the state should be separate from each other. These terms are essential in ensuring that the rule of law is adhered to, fundamental rights of the citizenry are protected, and the powers of the government are limited. Pollard, Parpworth and Hughes (2007, p. 11) argue that contemporary constitutional democracy could be impossible in the abse nce of the rule of law. However, in some cases democracy and the rule of law are not in harmony. It is against the background of the rule of law that this discussion will focus on it and its main features with specific reference to Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2) [2004] 1 AC 816. An English Law Commentary on this case will attempt to bring the concept of rule of law and its main features into focus with the aim of enhancing understanding of the concept. Since the time the phrase â€Å"rule of law† was coined, there has been divergence of understandings with people giving varying explanations of what the phrase really is and what it fundamentally implies. Ranjan (2011, p. 22) notes that there are two divergent views regarding the phrase, majorly. The first one is that it goes beyond legal framework and includes substantive rights that are derived from, or based on the rule of law. The second view is that the rule of law does not focus on how just the law is but rather d efines certain procedural characteristics that an existing legal framework should have so as to comply with the rule of law (Ranjan, 2011, p. 23). The divergence of understandings notwithstanding, there are key aspects of the rule of law that are agreed upon by the majority of people and entities; it is agreeable that rule of law is a governance principle in which all entities, persons, and institutions, whether private or public are accountable to publicly promulgated laws which are in conformity with international human rights standards, independently adjudicated, and enforced equally. In addition, it is agreeable that under the rule of law everyone is equal before the law, there is separation of powers, there is legal certainty, supremacy of law principles are adhered to, there is participation in decision- making, legal and procedural transparency principle is adhered to (Cane, 2011, p. 16). The aspects of the rule of law described above are in general terms and only give the ge neral features of the concept. So, what are the main features of the rule of law? As has been noted, people have different interpretations about the concept of rule of law (Ranjan, 2011, p. 29). However, this does not mean that the fundamental features of the concept has been lost; actually, these different interpretations are derived from the main features of the concept. In modern times, the concept of the rule of law and its features was propounded by a British Philosopher and Jurist, Albert Dicey, and that is why it is not uncommon to find rule of law

BHP Billiton Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

BHP Billiton - Case Study Example Apart from some specific small scale mining especially in high value low volume minerals, extraction of mineral resources usually requires large scale, capital intensive investments, Most projects are technologically challenging and investments are characterized by high degree of uncertainty and long gestation periods. In most developing countries except China and India, extraction industry seems to be export focused with significant scope of revenue creation but limited scope of employment generation. Mineral extraction also involves considerable threat to an ecosystem, and could have adverse social implications. Finally, mineral resources are non-renewable and often of strategic, geo-political importance. As a result, governmental influence tends to be high, which can interfere with the business operations. Owing to the huge capital investments required for extraction, this market has seen emergence of state-owned enterprises, which can depend on the government for the huge capital investments that they incur. Not all developing and least developed countries can afford the high capital investment. Therefore, this market is also characterized by the presence of large multi national corporations (MNCs), which have the financial power to make huge financial commitments. Exploration activities for minerals can not only take up long gestation periods, but can als... Exploration activities for minerals can not only take up long gestation periods, but can also result in unsuccessful attempts. Even after successful exploration, the investor needs to face the technical risk (involved in extraction at sometimes difficult sites), and market risk (demand and supply risks), political risks (nationalization). Political risks can be higher if the host country has a weal constitutional framework. This is a risky business and the investor should have the expertise necessary to handle such risks. Once investment is committed, the cost of pullout is very high (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2007). Section-III About BHP Billiton The largest extractive company, BHP Billiton was chosen as the subject of this case study. Its mission, marketing strategies are explored in the subsequent sections. The mission statement of BHP Billiton is "to create long-term value through the discovery, development and conversion of natural resources, and the provision of innovative customer and market-focused solutions". BHP Billiton is a global resources company in the extractive sector headquartered in Australia. It is a dual listed company and consists of BHP Billiton Limited Group in Australia, and BHP Billiton Plc group in the UK. IN addition, American Depository Receipts (ADRs) of both companies are listed Ney York Stock Exchange (NYSE). It was created in 2001 by the merger of Australia's Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) and the UK's Billiton, which had a Dutch and South African background (Wikipedia, 2009). It is the world's largest diversified natural resources company, and has significant businesses in alumina and aluminum, copper, energy (thermal) coal, iron ore, nickel, manganese,

Working with children in need

Working with children in need This assignment will explain the role of a Local Authority (LA) Social Worker (SW) when working with ‘children in need’ and their families, and those in need of safeguarding and protection, will also explain the main role of children and families’ sw and reasons why they would be involved. Furthermore it will discuss the importance of multidisciplinary working; identify different forms of abuse, their impact and alleviation. In line with evidence based practice, the Children Act 1989 sections 17 and 47 will be analysed as intervention methods It’s important as a sw to utilise an understanding of theories of human growth and development to understand the various stages of development that the children are undergoing, before making any decision of safeguarding. Children in need may have faced extraordinary experiences in their early lives that may affect their physical, intellectual, emotional, social or behavioural development. Safeguarding is defined by (HM Government 2013) as ‘the action we take to promote the welfare of children and protect them from harm’. Child protection is defined by RCPCH, (2006) as ‘the process of protecting individual children identified as either suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm as a result of abuse or neglect’. Section 17 (10) of the Children Act 1989 (CA 1989) defines a child in need as a child who is ‘unlikely to achieve or maintain, or to have the opportunity of achieving or maintaining, a reasonable standard of health or development without the provision for him/her of services by a local authority’ or ‘his/her health or development is likely to be significantly impaired, or further impaired without the provision for him/her of such services’ or ‘he/she is disabled’ (H M Government, 1989, section 17) gives LA ‘duties and powers to provide services for children in need and their families Part’ 111 (Sec17 (1)). When a referral is made, LA is forced to consider initial enquiries within 10 days. This is to find out what is happening to a child and decide which action should be taken to protect the child as set in the CA1989 S47 of Protection of Children (Brammer 2013). This guide draws’ on all professionals to work together to promote children’s welfare and ensures families are provided with much needed resources. In some historic children cases these processes weren’t upheld and lead to the death of children like Baby P and Victoria Climbie. Lord Laming ((Laming and Office, 2003)) stated that communication has played a major role in successes and failures of the system. He also made recommendations that will ignite working together in terms multi-disciplinary teams working together information sharing’ Connolly and Ward, (2008) suggested ‘It is good practice to consider children’s rights to protection as of paramount duty and at the same time work in partnership with their parents unless doing so would harm them’. The Framework for Assessment of Children (Figure 1) in Need and their Families (DoH, 2000) emphasises the use of an ecological approach to identify the child within the environment and offers a holistic approach (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). It enables professionals to identify systems affecting a child, the most and the social forces impacting on his lifespan therefore, resulting in interventions being applied where they are needed most. An ecological approach looks at people, families, cultures, communities, policies and identifies and intervenes upon strengths and weaknesses in the transactional processes between these systems (Greene and Greene, 2008). Figure1 (Department of Health 2000, p.1) Living conditions may result in disturbed nights, which can lead to strain and tiredness (Hazel, 2002). Similarly, inadequate housing may cause parents anxiety and affect their capacity to care for the children. Therefore, a sw could use their powers to make a referral for families to acquire an adequate accommodation. According to Gill and Jack (2007) the ecological theory is important in the development of holistic approaches to safeguarding children. Its strengths are that it focuses on individuals as part and incorporating other systems, so it integrates social with psychological elements of practice however, it is criticised for assuming that everything fits into a social order (Payne, 2009). A SW is expected to consider human rights issues when completing any assessment. In the community there’s a whole variety of groups e.g. ethnic minorities, women, disabled people, homosexuals children just to mention a few. Professionals are required to uphold and defend the rights of individuals whilst seeking to meet their needs and this are all governed by The Human Rights Act 1998. Brayne Shoot, (2010) said ‘the act has also heavily influenced the Disability Discriminations Act, (2005) and Equality Act, (2006 2010)’ Welbourne (2012) said ‘SW is a profession that engages with people’s lives at all levels, from the practical to the deeply personal. Lord Laming (2003) said ‘child protection is everyone’s business, and it’s important that SW, police, and health workers take the lead role for the procedures and processes that protect children from harm’. The CA 1989 sec 47(1) places a duty on LA to investigate when they: ‘are informed that a child who lives or is found in their area is the subject of an emergency protection order is in police custody’ ‘have reasonable cause to suspect that a child who lives, or is found in the area is suffering, or is likely to suffer a significant harm’ LA will conduct an initial child protection conference that consists of all professionals including the child, family members. This is a partnership aimed at setting out plans in place for both family and the group members. They will meet within 10 days after the initial conference and at least 8 weeks after that. The plan will be considering day to day details of the care plan and to put it into practice. After the case has been opened, implemented and put into practice, a Review Child Protection Case Conference is called to review and assess the progress of the case. The first review is held within 3 months of the initial conference and at least six months after that. A SW will always aim to achieve results and return the child to their parents. Working Together to Safeguard Children 2006 (Department of Health) has 5 identifiable forms of abuse as neglect, physical, emotional, sexual and domestic abuses, and the latter has been recently added and recognised in its own right. Coleen L (2003) suggested that ‘Negligence can include behaviours that receipt, fraudulently misrepresentation, defamation of character act, violation of human rights, malicious prosecution. Maureen O’Loughlin and Steve O’Loughlin (2008) suggested that ‘Parents have a central role in their children’s welfare and protection from harm, and should therefore be included in all decisions and actions taken by professionals†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Parents have their complex needs as well, some abuse drugs and alcohol and generally have low self-esteem. If parents deny sw access to a child and there’s a possibility of a greater risk of life or likelihood of serious harm, LA will apply for the Child Assessment Order sec43 CA 1989 when they considering any kind of contact, LA would have reasons to suspect concerns with development, welfare and health of a child. This order will only last 8 days without extension. Emergency Protection Order (EPO) under S44 of the CA 1989. It can last for 8 days with the option to extend for 7 more days. Brayne Carr, (2010) suggested that ‘It is important that any discussions with children are done in a way that minimises the distress and maximises the likelihood of them providing clear and accurate accounts’ The children may be looked after by the LA with parental agreement (Children Act, 1989, sec. 20. ‘A child may only be kept in police protection however, for 72 hours’ (Brammer 2006). Other order available is Recovery order sec50, will be applied if a child under PPO or EPO is removed from the responsible applicant. Police can recover the child and return them to the place of safety. SW has ‘an obligation to conduct themselves ethically, engaging in ethical decisionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ making, including partnership working with service users’ and this was quoted by The Code of Ethics for Social Work (BASW, 2011). Social work is a very privileged profession, they draw up conclusions and judgement on what they observe and hear. Hence it’s necessary to develop an inner skill not to use prejudice in any engagement. Empowerment has been understood as a paradigm within anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice (Lishman, 2007) and can be implemented through partnership working, which is a key social work value (Thompson, 2009). This assignment has shown how and why a sw would intervene when a child becomes in need. It also discussed the LA’s responsibility for children in need and their families. Aim is to protect and safeguard children from harm by forming partnership working with families; assist in providing alternative services to promote their welfare. The assignment drew up on relevant legislation that ensure welfare of a child remains paramount, also challenges all professionals to collaborate in a systematic manner. Children have been let down in the past and Every Child Matters ensured it is everyone’s responsibility to ensure that their health and development is secured. This reiterates the importance of SW’s impact into the system, drawn from Code of Ethics sw’s should always challenge any discrimination, recognise diversity, always distribute resources to those in need, challenge unjust policies and practices and work in solidarity. In conclusion a sw would not be awa re if a child is in need or requires protection; however, the facts in this essay provide a sensible method of judgement on whether a child is in need or at risk of significant harm.

Freedom for Rousseau and Individual Liberties Essay -- Jean Jacques Ro

Freedom for Rousseau and Individual Liberties The purpose which Rousseau ostensibly gives his social contract is to free man from the illegitimate chains to which existing governments have shackled him. If this is his aim, then it follows that he should be most concerned with the preservation of freedom in political society, initially so that savage man might be lured out of nature and into society in the first place, and afterwards so that Rousseau’s framework for this society will prevent the present tyranny from reasserting itself. Indeed, in his definition of purpose for man’s initial union into society, he claims that, despite his membership in an association to which he must necessarily have some sort of obligation if the contract is to be valid, he will â€Å"obey only himself and remain as free as before† (I.vi. 4). However, hardly a paragraph later, he appears to contradict this idea entirely, saying instead that men’s union into society constitutes â€Å"the total alienation of each associ ate with all of his rights to the whole community† (I.vi.6). This apparent contradiction begs the question, what is the freedom that Rousseau envisions for man, and how does this kind of freedom relate to individual rights and protect the individual within a society governed by the general will? Rousseau’s conception of freedom begins to take shape in the transition from nature to society, in which a fundamental shift occurs in human nature that translates into a change in the nature of freedom between the two states. Entrance into civil society, Rousseau argues, â€Å"produces the most remarkable change in man by substituting justice for instinct in his conduct† (I.viii.1). That is, entering civil society allows man to exist peacefully in ... ...s him without any recourse except to accept the constant error of his ways and obey. Rousseau opens The Social Contract with the claim that he is â€Å"taking men as they are,† but he is in fact taking man as he wishes he might someday become, as his theory of human perfectionism betrays (I.i.1). And while Hobbes understands that man will never bow voluntarily to coercion and will fight for his life inside and outside of society, Rousseau thinks man can be conditioned to accept coercion as a blessing so that no force will need to be exerted to keep him in order. And in the process of shaping men in the image of his mind’s eye, he is willing himself to tolerate what he calls â€Å"the most enormous abuses,† from the subjection of men’s very thoughts to the jurisdiction of the law, down to the right of the sovereign to execute citizens it deems a danger to its amorphous good. Freedom for Rousseau and Individual Liberties Essay -- Jean Jacques Ro Freedom for Rousseau and Individual Liberties The purpose which Rousseau ostensibly gives his social contract is to free man from the illegitimate chains to which existing governments have shackled him. If this is his aim, then it follows that he should be most concerned with the preservation of freedom in political society, initially so that savage man might be lured out of nature and into society in the first place, and afterwards so that Rousseau’s framework for this society will prevent the present tyranny from reasserting itself. Indeed, in his definition of purpose for man’s initial union into society, he claims that, despite his membership in an association to which he must necessarily have some sort of obligation if the contract is to be valid, he will â€Å"obey only himself and remain as free as before† (I.vi. 4). However, hardly a paragraph later, he appears to contradict this idea entirely, saying instead that men’s union into society constitutes â€Å"the total alienation of each associ ate with all of his rights to the whole community† (I.vi.6). This apparent contradiction begs the question, what is the freedom that Rousseau envisions for man, and how does this kind of freedom relate to individual rights and protect the individual within a society governed by the general will? Rousseau’s conception of freedom begins to take shape in the transition from nature to society, in which a fundamental shift occurs in human nature that translates into a change in the nature of freedom between the two states. Entrance into civil society, Rousseau argues, â€Å"produces the most remarkable change in man by substituting justice for instinct in his conduct† (I.viii.1). That is, entering civil society allows man to exist peacefully in ... ...s him without any recourse except to accept the constant error of his ways and obey. Rousseau opens The Social Contract with the claim that he is â€Å"taking men as they are,† but he is in fact taking man as he wishes he might someday become, as his theory of human perfectionism betrays (I.i.1). And while Hobbes understands that man will never bow voluntarily to coercion and will fight for his life inside and outside of society, Rousseau thinks man can be conditioned to accept coercion as a blessing so that no force will need to be exerted to keep him in order. And in the process of shaping men in the image of his mind’s eye, he is willing himself to tolerate what he calls â€Å"the most enormous abuses,† from the subjection of men’s very thoughts to the jurisdiction of the law, down to the right of the sovereign to execute citizens it deems a danger to its amorphous good.

Arecanut and Cocoa Production and Marketing Aspects Essay

Arecanut is an important commercial crop in India which plays a prominent role in the religious, social and cultural functions and economic life of people in India. The present production of arecanut in the world is about 0.854 million tons from an area of 0.702 million hectares. India ranks first in both area and production of arecanut Arecanut industry forms the economic backbone of nearly six million people in India and for many of them it is the sole means of livelihood. Both area and production of arecanut in India have increased tremendously during the last three decades. The area under arecanut in India has increased from 0.167 million hectares during 1971 to 0.4 million hectares by the year 2010-11 with an overall growth rate of 2.2%. During the same period the production has increased more than 3 times from 0.141 million tons to 0.478 million tones with a growth rate of 3.2%. As of now, cocoa is one of the important commercial plantation crops in India and it is mainly cultivated in four major southern States viz., Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. India produces 12954 tonnes of cocoa from an area of 46318 ha (DCCD, 2010). The cocoa industry in the country had expanded to a considerable extent in recent years. At present, more than 15 industrial entrepreneurs and firms existing in the field demand nearly 30,000 tonnes of cocoa beans, of which the present domestic availability is only about 40 percent. Considering the market growth in the chocolate segment in India, which is about 20 percent per annum, cocoa, has a great potential to develop in future years. Recent area expansion in Andhra Pradesh (16969 ha) can be taken as a positive response to the demand-supply fissure. We can further, strengthen the Transfer of Technology (ToT) activities to encourage the cocoa cultivation as an intercrop in arecanut and coconut to meet the challenges r egarding supply of cocoa in the future. Economic impact analysis of arecanut based cropping system An impact analysis of arecanut based cropping systems in South Karnataka has been carried out. It was observed that, farmers are predominantly following three cropping systems which were, 1) arecanut + banana 2) arecanut + cocoa and 3) arecanut + banana + pepper. To estimate the economic impact of different cropping systems, we have calculated the average cost per hectare, average yield and the net returns of each system. The quantification of economic impact of each system has been worked out by combining the difference in net returns of each system from the arecanut monocrop, and percentage of adoption of each cropping system. The total economic impact due to adoption of cropping systems in the region was found to be Rs 680 million. Economic impact analysis of improved arecanut varieties The analysis was based on a field survey of 120 arecanut farmers in South Karnataka. To estimate the economic impact of improved varieties we have calculated the weighed average cost per hectare, weighed yield and net returns of the released varieties. The weights are assigned according to the estimated percentage area of each variety in South Karnataka. The total area of arecanut in the district was multiplied with the percentage adoption of improved varieties in the region to arrive at the total area under improved varieties. The difference in net returns will give the additional benefit we would have obtained, had the area been under released varieties. It was observed that 13.6% of total area in southern Karnataka is under released arecanut varieties. The economic impact of released arecanut varieties in monitory terms was found to be rupees 141 million per year. The presence of improved varieties was more prominent in the young plantations. The holding wise observations revealed that the presence of released varieties was more in small holding groups. Cost of production of arecanut and cocoa According to the study conducted by the Institute, the cost of production of one kilogram of arecanut in a well-maintained garden was found to be Rs 104.20 Here we have considered the economic life span of the palm as 35 years and average annual production as 2700 kg/ha The average maintenance cost (from 8th year to 35th year) was calculated at Rs. 168765/ha. The cost of production of cocoa grown in arecanut garden was found to be Rs74.42/kg of dry beans and average annual maintenance cost recorded at Rs 55268/ha. Marketing The chali and the red are the two main varieties of arecanut consumed by the people mostly as a habit. Chali or the white supari is used mainly in the pan or beedas and the red variety is used both in the preparation of pan and value added products like pan masala, ghutka, sweet supari etc. From production to consumption level both private traders and the co-operatives play an important role in India. Here, the share of the cooperative is around 15 per cent and remaining is under the control of the private traders. Among the cooperatives The CAMPCO, a nodal agency has its own purchasing and sales centres throughout the country Disposal pattern: A study in Dakshina Karnataka showed that 80 percent of the farmers, who dispose the produce immediately after harvest, were small cultivators. Remaining 20 per cent who disposed the produce when the prices in the market are favorable, were large farmers. It was observed that indebtedness and lack of proper infrastructure facilities for storage compel the small farmer to dispose the produce at the earliest. The majority of the farmers (63%) sold chali supari to traders, who reportedly paid two rupees extra of the market rate per kg of chali sold. Stagnating market prices and increasing cost of production, especially the skilled labour charges in the recent times have generated livelihood concerns of arecanut farmers in India. Surging imports, which is around 12 percent of the domestic production, certainly has a significant role in price stickiness. Market studies reveal that around 75 percent of the arecanut trade is in the hands of private trades, which has provided ample scope for hoarding and resulted in market imperfections and low price realization. In the case of cocoa the current supply is only around fifty percent of the actual domestic demand and hence, there exist a huge scope for area expansion with the supply of elite seedlings/grafts. Effective dissemination of technologies through trainings, on-farm trials, demonstrations and seminars are being carried out by the Institute. Nevertheless, the price stagnation of the crop for a long period has caused disinterest among arecanut farmers. Therefore, in the case of arecanut a vicious cycle was formed in the pattern of ‘depressed prices + shortage of labour–crop negligence–diseases /pest attack–low yield/production’ and this in turn especially has adversely affected the small and marginal arecanut farmers who are solely dependent on the crop.

Watch Your Back essays

Watch Your Back essays A wise man once said do unto others as you want them to do to you. This golden rule is a lesson we have all been taught since we were children. If you are nice to someone, chances are they will be nice to you. Well, how does one respond when the opposite occurs? When one is decided by society to be different and therefore, treated unfairly, based on their appearance or on their ways of life. If one is only treated with disrespect and malice, then one will act out only with disrespect and malice. When pushed to the limit, people snap. It happens every day - the Columbine shootings, cases of abused people getting even. Past experiences cause them to act out irrationally, and it is not their fault. In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, this theory is proven by the creature throughout the novel. Every time he comes in contact with a human, he is hurt, emotionally and physically, and therefore acts the only way he was treated, causing the same amount of pain and suffering he has had t o endure. The first example of the creatures rejection (and the start of his demise) is the day of his creation. As soon as Frankenstein lays eyes on him, he runs away, leaving the creature to fend for himself. Frankenstein tries to sleep it off, but the creature finds him, instinctively, the way a baby duck can find its mother. Frankenstein beheld the wretch, and he escaped and rushed down stairs (935). He left the creature while a grin wrinkled [the creatures] cheeks and one arm was stretched out, seemingly to detain [Frankenstein] (935). Obviously the creature was trying to communicate and start a relationship with his creator, but was shut off before he even had a chance. Frankenstein interpreted the creatures actions the wrong way; the outstretched arm could only mean the creature wanted to be accepted, wanted to be loved, especially by its...

Free Essays on Advertisting The Toyota Matrix

Once Upon a Time†¦ Back in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, Toyota offered a vehicle somewhat similar to the Matrix, the Corolla Wagon. Those who remember the Corolla Wagon have perceived the Matrix as its second coming. This â€Å"Corolla Wagon† image is what Toyota would like to shed from the Matrix. Tagged as a 2003 model, but entering the market in the spring of 2002, Toyota designed the compact Matrix to have the style and performance of a sports car, along with the functionality of a Sports Utility Vehicle. Toyota currently manufactures the Matrix at two separate locations: Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada (TMMC) and Toyota Motor Manufacturing West Virginia (TMMWV). The basic idea for the Matrix is aimed toward young people, according to Craig Kember, designer of the Matrix. Kember goes on to say: â€Å"The direction I took the car was to take the idea of import racers with big wheels/lowered cars that are very fender and wheel oriented and inject that sort of persona l sports image with the usability of the package (four doors and a hatchback).† Kember also mentions that even while designing the Matrix, precautions were taken to make sure that the body style would not get too close to that of a station wagon. A station wagon type body is what Kember says â€Å"†¦we were deathly afraid to get too close to†. In terms of styling, the side window line is very â€Å"raked† (as termed by Kember) to give the Matrix a more sports car feeling, with the top of the window line â€Å"pinching† as it descends to the rear of the car. This particular feature makes the Matrix appear as more of a coupe than a wagon. Matrix also has a body sculpture, â€Å"which is very fender oriented with both large body lines wrapping themselves around the power of the wheels in order to give it a unique look for a small car.† Kember proudly states. Although, â€Å"small car† may not be the appropriate label for the Matrix. P art SUV (Sport Utility... Free Essays on Advertisting The Toyota Matrix Free Essays on Advertisting The Toyota Matrix Once Upon a Time†¦ Back in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, Toyota offered a vehicle somewhat similar to the Matrix, the Corolla Wagon. Those who remember the Corolla Wagon have perceived the Matrix as its second coming. This â€Å"Corolla Wagon† image is what Toyota would like to shed from the Matrix. Tagged as a 2003 model, but entering the market in the spring of 2002, Toyota designed the compact Matrix to have the style and performance of a sports car, along with the functionality of a Sports Utility Vehicle. Toyota currently manufactures the Matrix at two separate locations: Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada (TMMC) and Toyota Motor Manufacturing West Virginia (TMMWV). The basic idea for the Matrix is aimed toward young people, according to Craig Kember, designer of the Matrix. Kember goes on to say: â€Å"The direction I took the car was to take the idea of import racers with big wheels/lowered cars that are very fender and wheel oriented and inject that sort of persona l sports image with the usability of the package (four doors and a hatchback).† Kember also mentions that even while designing the Matrix, precautions were taken to make sure that the body style would not get too close to that of a station wagon. A station wagon type body is what Kember says â€Å"†¦we were deathly afraid to get too close to†. In terms of styling, the side window line is very â€Å"raked† (as termed by Kember) to give the Matrix a more sports car feeling, with the top of the window line â€Å"pinching† as it descends to the rear of the car. This particular feature makes the Matrix appear as more of a coupe than a wagon. Matrix also has a body sculpture, â€Å"which is very fender oriented with both large body lines wrapping themselves around the power of the wheels in order to give it a unique look for a small car.† Kember proudly states. Although, â€Å"small car† may not be the appropriate label for the Matrix. P art SUV (Sport Utility...

Provide an example of one of the forces in Porter's Five Forces Model Assignment

Provide an example of one of the forces in Porter's Five Forces Model - The threat of the entry of new competitors - Assignment Example American Boeing has 70% of the worldwide market share and is a prime manufacturer of engines and aircrafts. Remaining 30% is shared by Airbus. Boeing has established its market and brand name over the years and cannot be threatened by new entrants or competitors that easily. We can analyze that because of the high capital and technology requirement of the business, the entry barriers are quite high. The high entry barriers show that the threat of new entrants and thus for any competitors for Boeing is quite low. Any company to enter the industry and to compete with Boeing has to be financially stronger than Boeing. It has to bring in with it new and highly advanced technology to give fierce competition to the existing and established company. The initial investment or the startup cost in the airline industry is very high. An 800-seat plane that Boeing manufactures requires an investment of more than $10 billion. Competitors require huge costs and budget for research and development a nd production of the differentiated and unique product that Boeing produces. The threat of new competitors for Boeing is quite low it is because barriers of the knowledge and expertise required for the business as well.

Wicked Problems Social Policy in America on Equality Essay

Wicked Problems Social Policy in America on Equality - Essay Example They were able to work; educate themselves and rise in society. Social policies do not address the sociological issues, they answer at a very superficial level the end problems dealing with inequality and and not within inequality. Meritocracy and Egalitarism cannot be achieved as it assumes that we are not unique individuals. Three issues we be covered: legacy issues in Elite colleges, Blacks fail in law school and Gay marriages. In concluding a summary will be made, confirming when the government gets involved, social groups suffer. Much argument has been in the press about alumni accepting legacy preferences. Legacy preferences currently is not covered by Affirmative Action but the government is looking to pass legislation under the" The Civil Rights Act of 1866 which preventing discrimination based on ancestry and on race." (Wise 2010) I personally don't think the issue should be addressed at the government level. An alumni child has a 20% more chance of being accepted in his par ent's school. Is this not human nature?(Kahlenberg 2010) Currently in France, it is policy in order to apply for a job, the applicant has the right to omit all information indicating his race, background or religion. If the US were to do the same, then the College applicant still has the SAT scores. A parent, who has come from an Elite college, will have given his child a good background thus the best preparation possible for the SAT. Empirically it is impossible to statistically test, if legacy preference is an indication of acceptance. If Elite colleges were to strictly apply affirmative action, it would be at the detriment of under qualified students. A study done by Standford University found that "33% of black law school graduates in California pass the bar exam on the first try and most never become lawyers". (Kahlenberg 2010)T he question at hand is to prepare black students before they get to University so they are not in the situation to fail. Â  Gay Marriages implies that the institution of marriages is completely eroded. If 1 in 2 children will suffer a divorced marriage, the question is not allowing gay marriages but why is the concept of marriage having degraded to such a deplorable level. (Frum 1997 ) The Social Structure and concept of marriage is the real problem. There is no longer the social structure within the religion which checks and balances each relationship to make sure people and couples stay on the right track. Gay marriages are a sign of society that the institution of marriage is even more insecure. Marriage used to be a means to raise children; to make a life time bond; to continue family legacies. Now it has become "an exercise in radical autonomy". Affirmative Action and marriage do not go hand in hand. Bringing a child into the world assumes that the mother, normally the woman, plays a lower role in the couple as she has given up many of her equalitarian freedoms to raise her family. He proposes to make it harder to divorce; t o teach in school the different roles of the "sexes" and to teach in sociology that it were socially acceptable, Government policy has nothing to do with it. David asks if homosexuals would really want to marry if they knew the complicated social structure it actually involved. It is hard work to stay married and happy. There is not the autonomy or the affirmative action in a marriage. An institution is meant to stand. The family is a sociological structure that has been long part of our society before the 50's. Those, who favor gay marriage, must not have strong marriage themselves. A woman was built to have children and to rear children. Perhaps the word 'marriage' is the issue. In some countries, laws have been passed legalizing the right to live

Do my assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Do my assignment - Essay Example rage American are their security and country’s economics that directly affects the amount and quality of food on their table, their shopping habits, their selection (most of the times it is the availability/affordability) of college/university, savings/investment and health. Obama might not have been the best when it comes to taking care of all these matters but he sure is a person that keeps things under budget. In my observation and from what I have learnt from my American friends, (I’m a student from the Middle East) the majority considers Romney a Neocon. He would probably waste precious resources of the US citizens in engaging unnecessary battles and wars. Americans don’t want their money to be spent on military ventures, painfully, outside the US soil. The Americans have their own battles to fight on their own soil. Being a military superpower doesn’t mean that each of its citizens is fed properly and sleeps in a warm

Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

Charles Dickens Essay Dickens starts his story with a funeral to present a dark and gloomy theme to this Victorian society. The main character is man named Ebenezer Scrooge. Stave 1 starts off with Scrooges partner, Jacob Marley. Marley has recently passed away and Scrooge is the person who signed for his funeral. From this stave he presents Scrooges character with puns such as sole executor or sole administrator. It continues on about Scrooge and his soul and of how External heat and cold had little influence on Scrooge. No warmth could warm, no wintry weather chill him. Scrooge is described as a cold and frosty man, whose heart was so black and filled with greed. The language used in Stave 1 for Scrooges character and attitude to Christmas and other people portrays him as a cold-hearted man, chilled to the very core of his heart. No room for emotion and just greed and gold instead. Dickens shows Scrooge art the start of stave two, three, four as a gradual change of heart. In the second stave Dickens introduces the reader to Scrooges sadder part of life, the part of Scrooges life which he regrets. The third stave shows Scrooge to the present and current people he is affiliated with and about ignorance and greed, shown as two pitiful children; the Ghost of Christmas Present leaves Ebenezer Scrooge and the third Ghost comes; The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come. The fourth stave shows Scrooges end in life. How he fatefully dies and nobody cares for him or his grave. He learns that he can change the future and swears to do so, thus changing his greed and ignorance forever. Scrooge becomes so happy on Christmas morning of Stave 5 because he is glad he is given the chance to change. A second chance at life where he can repent from his sins of greed. He feels a sudden change of heart from his dark demise and sees the light. Dickens shows the reader the different ways that Scrooge has changed by the acts he commits in Stave 5 compared to Stave 1. He buys the biggest turkey for the Cratchit Family for their supper on Christmas, compared to Stave 1 where he didnt even bother with Tiny Tim who was waiting for his father Bob Cratchit outside Scrooges work. I think Dickens wrote this story about a man as rich and greedy as Scrooge because of the social injustice and poverty of the society Dickens had lived in, the Victorian era. He wrote this because of the causes and effects of between the two and how they correlate in the Victorian society. I think Dickens wanted to teach the Victorian people the actual meaning of Christmas and the spirit of good will that goes along with it. I also think he wanted to show the poverty and injustice in the society during that time. I think the reasons why is because Dickens felt he needed to share his pity and sorrow for the people in poverty, and their side of things and how the greedy and rich ignore the poor people without a sign of pity to them.

Charles Dickens The Signalman and A Birthday by Karen Mansfield Essays

Charles Dickens' The Signalman and A Birthday by Karen Mansfield A signalman is a short story written by Charles Dickens. This is a story about a signalman who is driven â€Å"mad† by the environment of his work, away from sunlight and people. But he was not alone; a supernatural ghost decides to accompany him too. He has a lot of responsibilities to shoulder. There are only two characters that really are prominent in the short story. In fact in the story, there are only about three to five characters. The important characters are the signalman and the narrator. Charles Dickens uses dialogue to make the characters more appealing and easier to understand. He has written exactly what was need to understand the story, nothing less or nothing more. The characters are described physically briefly but Charles Dickens has described their attitude, nature, thoughts and character to a great deal. Through out ‘The Signalman’ the signalman’s name is not mentioned which seems quite awkward. The signalman tells the narrator about his worries and still they do not ask each other their names. It seemed a little strange! The signalman was troubled but it did not seem so if a person who would have seen him for the first time and judged him by his appearance. The signalman’s appearance described in the story as, â€Å"†¦he was a dark sallow man, with a dark beard and rather heavy eyebrows.† He seemed to look perfectly reasonable and normal but you should never judge a book by its cover. You cannot tell his problems merely by his appearance! (Proved by the short story) The signalman is a very peculiar man. When the narrator called him from the top of the steep cutting he did not seem to reply and walked down the railway li... ...is short story is written by a woman it seems to be more descriptive. If ‘A Birthday,’ and ‘A Signalman,’ were compared Andreas Binzer’s character would be unquestionably more descriptive than that of the signalman. Karen Mansfield described everything from his teeth, attitude and nature in greater detail. Meanwhile, Charles Dickens just wrote what was needed exactly. The way people see each other seems to differ so drastically. In one short story you try to understand a person’s problems and situation whereas, the other shows how inconsiderate a person can be and still be blessed with great people around them. I spent a long time writing this essay and I believe that if I take the time I would really show what people are like. It amazed me how realistic the characters in these short stories are and that many people like those can be found in the world.

New Belgium Brewing Company Essay -- Business Analysis

Belgium is known for a culture of high-quality beer and this concept was formulated by an electrical engineer from Fort Collins, Colorado. The electrical engineer, Jeff Lebesch, was traveling through Belgium on his fat-tired mountain bike when he envisioned the same high-quality beer in Colorado. Lebesch acquired the special strain of yeast used in Belgium and took it back to his basement in Colorado and the experimentation process was initiated. His friends were the samplers and when they approved the beer it was marketed. In 1991, Lebesch opened the New Belgium Brewing Company (NBB) with his wife, Kim Jordan, as the marketing director. The first beer and continued bestseller, Fat Tire Amber Ale, was named after the bike ride in Belgium. The operation went from a basement to an old railroad depot and then expanded into a custom-built facility in 1995. The custom-built facility included an automatic brew house, quality-assurance labs and technological innovations. NBB offers p ermanent, seasonal and one-time only beers with a mission to be a lucrative brewery while making their love and talent visible. In the cases presented by the noted authors (Ferrell & Simpson, 2008), discusses the inception, marketing strategy, brand personality, ethics and social responsibility that New Belgium Brewing Company has demonstrated. The key facts with New Belgium Brewing Company are the marketing strategy, promotion, internal environment and social responsibility with the critical issues of the public, brand slogan, growth and competition. First, there was a key fact in the marketing strategy. In 1996, there was a turning point in the area of marketing for NBB when Greg Owsley was hired as the Director. Owsley developed a team tha... ...rase on every six-pack of beer that informs the public the product is a labor of love and have created something superior it to improve people’s lives. NBB has a brand identity of quality, responsible with a concern for society. NBB went from an operation in a basement to a custom built factory. The custom built factory has efficiencies that are cost effective and environmentally safe. NBB originally distributed to Colorado and has expanded to sixteen states. References Ferrell, O. C. (2008). â€Å"New Belgium Brewing Company(A)† in Ferrell, O. C., and Hartline, Michael D., Marketing Strategy, Fourth Edition, Mason, Ohio: Thompson Southwestern Publishing, pp. 463-470. Simpson, B. (2008). â€Å"New Belgium Brewing (B)† in Ferrell, O. C., and Hartline, Michael D., Marketing Strategy, Fourth Edition, Mason, Ohio: Thompson Southwestern Publishing, pp. 1-5. New Belgium Brewing Company Essay -- Business Analysis Belgium is known for a culture of high-quality beer and this concept was formulated by an electrical engineer from Fort Collins, Colorado. The electrical engineer, Jeff Lebesch, was traveling through Belgium on his fat-tired mountain bike when he envisioned the same high-quality beer in Colorado. Lebesch acquired the special strain of yeast used in Belgium and took it back to his basement in Colorado and the experimentation process was initiated. His friends were the samplers and when they approved the beer it was marketed. In 1991, Lebesch opened the New Belgium Brewing Company (NBB) with his wife, Kim Jordan, as the marketing director. The first beer and continued bestseller, Fat Tire Amber Ale, was named after the bike ride in Belgium. The operation went from a basement to an old railroad depot and then expanded into a custom-built facility in 1995. The custom-built facility included an automatic brew house, quality-assurance labs and technological innovations. NBB offers p ermanent, seasonal and one-time only beers with a mission to be a lucrative brewery while making their love and talent visible. In the cases presented by the noted authors (Ferrell & Simpson, 2008), discusses the inception, marketing strategy, brand personality, ethics and social responsibility that New Belgium Brewing Company has demonstrated. The key facts with New Belgium Brewing Company are the marketing strategy, promotion, internal environment and social responsibility with the critical issues of the public, brand slogan, growth and competition. First, there was a key fact in the marketing strategy. In 1996, there was a turning point in the area of marketing for NBB when Greg Owsley was hired as the Director. Owsley developed a team tha... ...rase on every six-pack of beer that informs the public the product is a labor of love and have created something superior it to improve people’s lives. NBB has a brand identity of quality, responsible with a concern for society. NBB went from an operation in a basement to a custom built factory. The custom built factory has efficiencies that are cost effective and environmentally safe. NBB originally distributed to Colorado and has expanded to sixteen states. References Ferrell, O. C. (2008). â€Å"New Belgium Brewing Company(A)† in Ferrell, O. C., and Hartline, Michael D., Marketing Strategy, Fourth Edition, Mason, Ohio: Thompson Southwestern Publishing, pp. 463-470. Simpson, B. (2008). â€Å"New Belgium Brewing (B)† in Ferrell, O. C., and Hartline, Michael D., Marketing Strategy, Fourth Edition, Mason, Ohio: Thompson Southwestern Publishing, pp. 1-5.